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EDDN/A/1/2 · Stuk · 2 July 1899
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

Transcript

Dalton Hall, Victoria Park, Manchester

2. VII. ’99

Dear Mrs. Eddington,

You will be interested in hearing some details of Stanley’s Preliminary. They are astonishing enough.—I have heard them today from the Chairman of the Board of Studies. In

Mechanics. Full marks
Latin. Top of all
Eng History [ditto]
Mathematics [ditto] & 60 marks above everybody else

leaving Chemistry & Eng. Language as the only subjects in which any one excelled him.

This is a marvellous record; whether he ought to know it I leave to you.

The great thing now is not to overload him; and to keep up his exercise: but I see no danger of going wrong in either respect.

In Physics ii at Easter I find he got 99 per cent. in the College Examination, making 199 out of 200. He has half the prize in Latin, the Prize in Practical Physics as well as theoretical; and the 2nd place in Math iii. A.

He will now, I trust, go in for a good physical athletic holiday. With my hearty congratulations

I remain
Yours sincerely
J. W. Graham

EDDN/A/2/2 · Stuk · 6 Sept. 1912
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

Transcript

1912 Sept 6
R.M.S.P. Arlanza {1}

My very dear Mother

There is an unexpected opportunity of sending a letter today, as we are calling at St Vincent to obtain a supply of fresh water; we could not get it at Madeira. After that it is no good writing until we reach Rio.

Last time I wrote was just after leaving Lisbon, since then we have had very pleasant weather, little wind, calm sea, sky rather overcast but with sunshine filtering through, and not unpleasantly warm, although we entered the tropics last night. We had a day at sea on Tuesday and reached Madeira about 11 the next morning. As we approached we passed a great many islands. Madeira is rather mountainous but a layer of clouds about some 3000 feet above the sea just cut their tops off, and remained all day. We were soon surrounded by lots of small boats selling basket chairs & embroidery—the two main products of Madeira—; also small boys wanting to dive for sixpences, some of them climbed to our highest decks and dived from there.

We had about 4 hours at Madeira and most of us did the regular excursion. Atkinson & Davidson did not come; but I went with the Unwins and Lady Grant. First we rode in chariots (there is no other word for them) drawn by a pair of bullocks[.] The streets are all cobbles and the vehicles are on wooden runners like sleighs; the bullocks gallop along finely. Then we went up the mountain Terreira da Lucca in a funicular railway, not quite to the top but 3300 feet up. The town (Funchal) is built in terraces on a steep slope. The abundance of vines laden with grapes was very remarkable, they grow on low pergolas. There were sugar canes[,] bamboos, palms, and beautiful blue hydrangias growing luxuriantly. Towards the top it was all pine forest. Just below the terminus we ran into cloud so lost the view; but as we had a fine view of the bay nearly all the way up, it did not so much matter. We had lunch at the top, and then came the exciting part—we tobogganed down the whole 3300 feet. There is a steep zigzag cobbled path down from the summit passing through the town; we go in a sort of basket toboggan holding 3 passengers, with with† two men running on each side with ropes to guide the toboggan and hold it back where necessary. They go at a great pace, {2} sometimes getting on and riding behind. It was much more exciting and alarming than I expected. We took about half-an-hour to get down. The sharp corners are particular[ly] exciting at first, because they always get up as much speed as possible to go round them (I suppose because swinging round checks the toboggan). After that came another bullock drive through the town to the launch, and so back to the steamer.

Now we have got to the main part of the journey, and shall be a week or more without any chance of landing. They are arranging some sports and I have entered for some of them. Atkinson is in for the tug of war and should be a tower of strength (and weight) for the “married” v “single”.

Captain Pope has been down to dinner twice, and is very pleasant and chatty. We are generally in the dining room half an hour longer than any-one else.

Tomorrow there is to be a celebration of the Anniversary of the Independence of Brazil. A Brazilian committee are arranging it.

I have not got much work done yet.

With very dear love,
ever your affectionate son
Stanley

—————

Letter-head of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company. Numbered ‘2’ at the head in pencil.

{1} ‘R.M.S.P.’ is printed.

{2} Comma added in pencil.

† Sic.

Chapter IX: Wave Functions
EDDN/B/2/2 · Stuk · Apr. 1944
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

§ 87. Angular momentum.
§ 88. The gradient operator.
§ 89. Wave equation of the hydrogen intracule.
§ 90. Solution of the wave equation.
§ 91. The Coulomb energy.
§ 92. Fixed-scale units.

EDDN/A/2 · Bestanddeel · 1912
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

In 1912 Eddington led an expedition from the Royal Observatory to Brazil to observe and photograph a total eclipse of the sun. These letters contain an account of the expedition. Eddington specifically asked his mother to preserve the letters because he was keeping no other record of events (see A2/5), and she seems to have been careful in carrying out his request, as the sequence is probably complete. The letters are numbered from 1 to 9 in a contemporary hand, and the ninth letter, finished when the writer was about three days’ sail from home, was almost certainly the last. These letters formed the basis of the account in Eddington’s Notebook (ff. 96–102), and they were consulted by Douglas, who quoted from A2/8 (pp. 18–19).

Eddington and his assistants C. R. Davidson and J. J. Atkinson left Southampton aboard the steamship Arlanza on 30 August and arrived at Rio de Janeiro on 16 September, where they were joined by T. N. Lee, an Englishman deputed by the Brazilian Government to assist them, and J. H. Worthington, an amateur astronomer. Six days later the party arrived at Passa Quatro, their chosen observation point—preferred to other possible sites at Cruxeiro, Christina, and Alfenas—and on 3 October they were joined by two volunteers, Leslie Andrews and O. Couto de Aguirre. A local man, Pierre Seux, also volunteered to help by counting seconds during totality. The eclipse took place on the 10th, but unfortunately observations of the phenomenon were prevented by rain and the expedition was largely unsuccessful. Eddington and his companions left Passa Quatro on 20 October and sailed for home on the Danube on the 23rd. The date of their arrival in England is not recorded, but towards the end of the voyage they were expecting to be at Southampton on 10 November. A report of the expedition, by Eddington and Davidson, was printed in MNRAS (lxxiii, 386–90) the following year. Notes also appeared in The Observatory, xxxv (1912), 328–30, 410, and xxxvi (1913), 62–5.

EDDN/A/5/2 · Stuk · 15 Nov. 1909
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

Transcript

(copy)

Royal Observatory, Greenwich, London, S.E.
1909 Nov. 15

Dear Dr. Schuster

You will, I am sure, not be surprised that I have delayed a little replying to your important letter. I had not at all thought of such a change, and it was a matter requiring very careful consideration. Whilst the idea of returning to Physics, and perhaps especially to academic work, was in many respects attractive, I have however decided that it is best for me not to leave my present work. I need not trouble you with the reasons that have led me to this difficult decision; rightly or wrongly I have concluded that the suggestion and opportunities that I meet with in a large observatory are more likely to lead to good research work on my part {1} than any I could hope for elsewhere.

With many thanks
yours sincerely
A. S. Eddington

—————

The letter is headed ‘copy’ but, since it contains a correction, it is probably a draft.

{1} ‘the suggestion …. on my part’ has been altered from ‘the suggestion and opportunities of research work that I meet with in a large observatory are more likely to lead to good results on my part’.

EDDN/B/2 · Bestanddeel · early 1940s
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

These manuscripts are all in Eddington’s own hand, with the exception of the ringed pencil number on the first page of each and the foliation (in red biro, except B2/20), which were added by Slater, the former in June 1945, the latter about the end of 1947. Other notes by Slater indicate that there is a sheet missing from B2/22 between ff. 4 and 5, and that B2/29 f. 14 is a modification of f. 4.

[Chapter I]
EDDN/B/3/2 · Stuk · [before July 1942]
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

§ 1∙1. The conditions of observability.
§ 1∙2. Measurables.
§ 1∙3. The fundamental tensor.
§ 1∙4. The comparison fluid.
§ 1∙5. Wave functions.
§ 1∙6. Density and mass.

(Earlier than B2/17. Contains two-number references.)

Note by D. W. Dewhirst
EDDN/B/5/2 · Stuk · June 1982
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

University of Cambridge Institute of Astronomy.—Describes the contents of the second of two boxes of Eddington papers formerly in the possession of Noel B. Slater.

EDDN/A/4/2 · Stuk · 15–16 Mar. 1919
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

Transcript

Hotel Bella Vista | Funchal
Saturday, March 15.

My very dear Mother

We arrived here yesterday in most summerlike weather, and today has been just as bright and warm. It is a lovely spot to have to stop at, although of course I am anxious to get on to the journey’s end. I am afraid we shall have to wait longer than was expected; the date of sailing is now supposed to be April 3, but one cannot rely on the boat times at all. The ship is called to Quelimane.

We reached Lisbon on the 12th about breakfast time, and all four went on shore. I cannot say what the time was because we had three times—ship’s time, Greenwich time and Summer Time, each differing about an hour—; it was most confusing; although summer-time is legally in force in Lisbon and, I believe, in Madeira most people stick to the old time.

Oom met us at the Quay and took us up to the Observatory in a motor car. We met the Director {1} (aged 82) a charming old man, who looked as little like a Vice-Admiral as one could imagine. The Observatory is in a fine park, and the almond blossom was full out and looked very bright. We spent about two hours there and then were motored down to the ship by a longer route through Belem. We had no chance of seeing either the steamer company or the planters, because they do not start business in Lisbon until 3 o’clock.

Lisbon seemed full of soldiers. They have disbanded all the police, but the country seems pretty quiet.

We left Lisbon about 5 o’clock and sailed down the Tagus by daylight—about 12 miles to the mouth of the river. Then we were out of sight of land until the morning of Friday (about 40 hours) when the Madeira islands appeared.

We got fine views of Madeira as we had to sail a good way round the main island to reach Funchal which is on the south coast. We all four landed about 11 o’clock (having seen that our baggage was alright) and spent an hour or two strolling round. Then we had a farewell lunch together at a restaurant. We saw Davidson & Crommelin on to the launch for the ship, and then Cottingham and I drove out to this hotel in a bullock sleigh. I expect I have told you, that except for a few motor cars there are no wheeled vehicles. All the carts and cabs are sleighs, drawn by bullocks, which slip quite easily over the cobbled streets. They put down grease in front of the sleigh to make it go easier. The streets, which are often very steep, are very slippery, and I soon found it necessary to buy a walking stick for support.

We are about 10 minutes walk from the centre of the town, and have beautiful views of the harbour and town and mountains from the balcony of this hotel. Especially at night it looks very fine with all the lights (street electric lamps) stretching a long way up the sides of the mountains. It is rather a large town and the houses are very scattered.

The Hotel is kept by English people, and in normal times there are large numbers of English visitors, so that English is spoken at most of the shops. But they have had a bad time during the war—scarcety† of most provisions except that sugar which is very widely grown here has been cheap & plentiful. Sugar cane & banana plantations abound everywhere, and vine pergolas, but the vines are not in leaf yet. The fruit in season now is almost solely bananas and nesperas (the latter is something like an apricot in appearance but tastes more like a cherry). We get some very good fish at meals, but otherwise they are chiefly English dishes.

It is too hot to walk very far, but we went four or five miles this afternoon near the coast. Inland the mountains rise almost at once to a height of 4000 or 5000 feet, so it requires some energy to go far.

The hotel has very nice, but small, gardens, which are bright with flowers. There are fine date palms and cactus’s of various kinds. I am finishing this on Sunday morning and the weather is just as bright and warm as ever. Another boat came in from Lisbon this morning, and there are a good many new arrivals at the hotel. I suppose there would be about 30 people here now, but it is not half full.

I hope you are getting on alright at home. It will be a long while before I get any news of you.

Much love from
your affectionate son
Stanley

—————

Numbered ‘2nd’ at the head. Two passages have been marked off and emended in pencil by a later hand.

{1} Vice-Admiral C. A. Campos Rodrigues, Director of the Observatory at Lisbon since 1890.

Chapter V: Electric Charge
EDDN/B/2/19 · Stuk · [before July 1942]
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

§ 5∙1. Electric charge.
§ 5∙2. The electrical stabilisation.
§ 5∙3. The time coordinate.
§ 5∙4. Quadratic and linear energy.
§ 5∙5. The Coulomb energy.
§ 5∙6. Pairing.
§ 5∙7[a]. [Untitled.]
§ 5∙7[b]. The electromagnetic potential.

EDDN/B/3/19 · Stuk · [before June 1942]
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

Abstract.

§ 1. Introduction.
§ 2. The theoretical formulae.
§ 3. Comparison of theory and observation.
§ 4. Values of the constants.
§ 5. The problem of consistency.
§ 6. The β-coefficients.
§ 7. The constant e/mec.
§ 8. The constant h/e.

(This manuscript, which is marked as having been received by the Physical Society on 8 June, was evidently used as the copy for the text printed in the Society's Proceedings.)

Chapter VIII
EDDN/B/2/18 · Stuk · [1943]
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

§ 73. Angular momentum.
§ 74[a]. The metastable states of hydrogen.
§ 75[a]. The symbolic frame in relative space.
§ 76. Reality conditions in relative space.
§ 75[b]. The symbolic frame in relative space.
§ 74[b]. The differential wave equation.

EDDN/B/3/18 · Stuk · [before July 1942]
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

ff. 1–9:
§ 1. Introduction.
§ 2. The theoretical formulae.
§ 3. Comparison of theory and observation.
§ 4. Alternative experimental methods.
§ 5. Values of the constants.

f. 10:
§ 5. The problem of consistency [beginning].

f. 11:
[§ 6. The β-coefficients [conclusion].]

ff. 12–21:
[§ 2. The theoretical formulae [conclusion].]
§ 3. Comparison of theory and observation
§ 4. Values of the constants.
§ 5. The problem of consistency.
§ 6. The β-coefficients.
§ 7. The spectroscopic e/mec.

ff. 22–5:
§ 6. The β-coefficients.
§ 7. The constant e/mec [beginning].

(This item comprises various superseded parts of B3/19. The sheets have been numbered in the order in which they were found, but it is possible that some jumbling has taken place. At least six different states of this paper may be distinguished, as follows:
(i) B3/18, ff. 1–9.
(ii) B3/19, ff. 1–6; B3/18, ff. 12–21
(iii) B3/19, ff. 1–12; B3/18, f. 10.
(iv) B3/19, ff. 1–15; B3/18, ff. 22–25;
(v) B3/19, ff. 1–16; B3/18, f. 11; B3/19, ff. 18–?.
(vi) B3/19, ff. 1–17, 17a, 18–23.)

EDDN/B/2/17 · Stuk · [before July 1942]
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

§ 1∙1. The conditions of observability.
§ 1∙2[a]. The Gaussian distribution.
§ 1∙3. Systems of description.
§ 1∙4. Relative distribution functions.
§ 1∙5. Application to wave functions.
§ 1∙6[a]. Uranoids.
§ 1∙7. Curvature of space.
§ 1∙8. Proper mass.
§ 1∙9[a]. Object-fields.
§ 1∙9[b]. Four-dimensional theory.
§ 1∙6[b]. Uranoids.
§ 1∙2[b]. The centroid as physical origin.

(The chapter title was altered from ‘The Uncertainty of the Reference Frame’. § 1∙9[b] is marked ‘rewrite under the heading “Stabilising relations”’.)

EDDN/B/2/16 · Stuk · [before July 1942]
Part of Papers of Sir Arthur Eddington

§ 2∙1. Particles with spin.
§ 2∙2. Relativity rotations.
§ 2∙3. Neutral space-time.
§ 2∙4. Strain vectors.
§ 2∙5[a]. Reality conditions.
§ 2∙5[b]. Flat space-time.
§ 2∙6. Determinants and eigenvalues.
§ 2∙7. Phase space.
§ 2∙8. Probability distribution of strain vectors.

(§§ 2∙1 and 2∙2 were renumbered from 1∙1 and 1∙2 and, as a result, §§ 2∙3, 2∙4, and 2∙5[a] were renumbered from 2∙2, 2∙3, and 2∙4 respectively; but the necessary alterations to the numbering were carried no further. The title of § 2∙8 was altered from ‘Probability distribution of phase space’.)