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References to the works of John Stuart Mill, William Hamilton and Herbert Spencer. Some later additions and annotations in Sidgwick's hand, and some pencilled annotations in another hand re. existing notes and on reverse of last page.

Itchenstoke - RCT wishes to offer himself as a candidate for the vacant Theological Professorship at Cambridge - 'that is, supposing that Archdeacon Hare [Julius Hare] should not be a candidate. Should he determine to offer himself for the post, in that case every motive of respect & affection to him, & of interest in the theological well being of my university, would hinder me from putting myself forward as competitor, (which would be absurd) with him. Perhaps I might have a line from you to say what steps I ought to take for the purpose of officially declaring myself a Candidate, & whether I ought to announce my intention to each one of the electors'. RCT took great pleasure in WW's (anonymous) review of his Sacred Latin Poetry - 'both for the articles sake itself, & for the sake of it, as coming from you'. He also thanks WW for his volume on Induction: 'The subject lies only too far out of the line of my studies; but I can still perceive how much is at issue, how much more than at first sight might seem, in your differences with Mill [John S. Mill]. My sympathies, (I dare not in my ignorance of the subject use a stronger word) are altogether with you'.

Believes that their points of view are so different that he doubts whether anything he could say would have any effect. Expresses his view by quoting Sir Henry Maine's Popular Government, beginning with a statement with regard to the two systems in existence by which material '"of human subsistence and comfort"' are produced. One is economic and industrial competition, and the other '"consists in the daily task...enforced by the prison and the scourge."' Maine maintained that one system had to be adopted in order that society not '"pass through penury to starvation."'

States that his remarks mainly apply to Sidgwick's two chapters on Distributive Justice and Economic Distribution. In relation to Distributive Justice, he 'cannot conceive any possible system which can promote it to an equal degree with that of "the free exchange of services" - with all its inevitable shortcomings.' Believes it to be unlikely that anyone would propose that Governments should be burdened with the task of dispensing distributive justice, on top of their other duties. Refers to an argument on page 514 of Sidgwick's work, in relation to the question of interest on capital. Refers also to the second chapter [Economic Distribution], on which, he claims, discussion is easier, because all questions of assumed rights and justice are discarded. Claims to found his view 'solely on grounds of expediency - i.e., the promotion of the well-being of society as a whole.' Disputes Sidgwick's statement that under the current system of partial economic competition, there is a growing inequality in the incomes of men. Refers to statistics compiled by [ ] and Atkinson, which demonstrate that in Great Britain and the United States 'there is constant progress towards greater equality.' This fact Mallet believes to be neither important nor desirable.

Proceeds to discuss the 'main question' treated in that chapter. Remarks on the absence of the 'international point of view, which was the central consideration of the Free Trade School' in the speculations of the 'present generation of economists.' Refers to the question of the nationalisation of the land, which, he claims, from a free trade point of view, 'cannot even be discussed'. Refers to the opinions of Mill and Maine on this question. On Sidgwick's speculation about capital, he remarks that if there were no field for private capital at home, [ ] would send it abroad.' Questions the likelihood of the success of 'any possible experiment in the direction of State conducted industiral and commercial enterprise'. Doubts that any government in a free country could devise any system of reward and penalties which would enable it to work. States that based on his experience of [Government Departments] he believes that nine out of ten men work in such a way that they do not contibute their fair share to society, and doubts whether the majority even do a day's full work.' Does not believe in government superintendence, nor in the efficiency of the Post Office or the Telegraph services. Thinks that if the latter two should be '[formed] on the principle of Competition for the field', the population would be 'better and cheaper served.' In his opinion there is no system except that of free exchange 'by which the equilibrium of supply and demand can be preserved without [ ].' Returns to the theme of the absence of the international view in the thinking of the current generation of economists 'beginning with Mill.' Refers to Sidgwick's remarks on this subject, which were contained in his paper that was discussed at the Political Econ[omy] Club a few days previously. Claims that the inevitable result of state subsidies would be national isolation. States that if the principle of free trade between nations is adopted, the disadvantages of such a move must also be accepted.

Thanks HS for sending him his book The Methods of Ethics, and says that he will 'take it up and read it from time to time'. Refers to the attitude of Hume and Hegel to ethics, and also refers to Begriff and [Alt]. States that he fears that he shall not be able to take the same interest 'in these Mills and Bains and Spencers, etc.' as Sidgwick does. Has no doubt, however, that he will gain much from the matter and form of his book.

Claims to have meant to send 'these [articles]' sooner, but has been puzzling over the lectures on sociology, which she had mentioned, intending to send them also. Feels that she had better get 'a clearer picture of them and of their relation to published papers' before sending them.

With regards 'the Classical Review article' returns Dr Jackson's letter to Ward [not included], and sends one from J. B. Mayor to Henry Sidgwick . Asks him to return the latter at his leisure. Thinks that it would be a mistake to print the article in a collection of Henry's papers, as 'his part is so very short'. Adds, however, that Miss Sharpley, to whom she showed it 'is much charmed with it as an imitation of Plato'. States that Henry's part 'only brings out one point and [one has] no means of knowing whether he admitted Grote's answer to it to be sufficient - whether the G[ ] of the latter part of the whole paper can be considered as representing Henry's view or not.' Speculates as to the circumstances under which the discussion took place, and suggests it took place at Trumpington. Thinks that the article should be referred to in any bibliography and that a bibliography 'ought to be given either in the volume of fragments or in the biography....'

Also sends him the 1871 number of the Contemporary Review, 'containing the article on Verification of Beliefs...and one in the Nineteenth Century for 1880 on Historical Psychology'. Remarks that Henry was rather dissatisfied with the second one when it appeared. In relation to 'Miss Jones', states that she believes that Henry 'intended her to judge about publication [or] republication of Ethical matter in the same way that he asked [Ward] to do about philosophical work.' Thinks that she is 'a little too much inclined to publish' and considers trying to argue with her about any particular paper before a final decision is come to.' States that 'of course the question of republishing all the papers in Mind or all the notices of books is not purely a question of Ethics. Adds that 'in deciding about Ethical or Philosophical papers or anything else [they] must have regard to the whole amount to be published and the arrangement of volumes and must therefore talk it over all together to some extent.'

Announces that she envisages the publication of two volumes; one of 'philosophical and ethical etc fragments and essays for students' and one of 'more literary essays suited to the general public, and no more', and that the second would probably be entirely reprints. Lists the works possibly to be included in the first volume, including Kant lectures, Green lectures, Ethical papers, lectures on Sociology, articles on the Sophists in the Journal of Philology, the 'Dialogue in Mind on Time and Common sense', 'the articles in the Contemporary and XIXth Century sent with the letter [not included], Ethical articles in Mind, and 'some lectures on Kant's Ethics'.

States that the 'popular volume edited by A[rthur] S[idgwick] would probably be small', and would probably contain a review of Clough in the Westminster Review of 1869, an article on Bentham in the Fortnightly of 1877, 'Political Prophecy and Sociology for the National Review of 1899', the address on Economics 'to section F. of the British Association 1885', 'The Theory of Clerical Education from the volume on Liberal Education 1867', 'Idle Fellowship[s]' in the Contemporary [Review] of 1876, '[A] Lecture against Lecturing' from the New Review of 1890, an article on [Seeley's] Ecce Homo in the Westminster Review of 1866, 'The Prophet of Luther' in Macmillan's Magazine of 1867, 'The Economic Lessons of Socialism' in the Economic Journal of 1895, 'Economic Socialism' in the Contemporary Review of 1886 (though Nora thinks that the latter 'is probably practically superseded by Elements of Politics), a short appreciation of J.S. Mill's work on his death in 1873 (of which Mrs Marshall gave Nora a copy) in the Academy of 1873, and an article on sociology.

Trinity College - Mansfield, Atkinson and Cotton made Fellows, John Heath bitten by Newmanism, month's stay ay Bonn, Hegelist method of teaching languages, John Mill's article on Bentham, character of Mill, Sterling's departure for Italy, Benedick's marriage, letter from Spedding

Eliot Place - Objections to Blakesley's ideas for establishing a society, J. S. Mill an "infidel"

Thanks Sidgwick for his book [The Methods of Ethics] which, he remarks, 'looks very attractive in print'. Reports that he has begun to read it 'in the careful manner it deserves.' Hopes that Helen Taylor will write on it for the Fortnightly [Review]; he has sent a copy of it to her at Avignon. Is unsure how she will react to his 'strong dissents from [John Stuart] Mill's theism [ ].' Expresses a desire to speak to Sidgwick about Mill's book.

Discusses two letters between J. S. Mill and Henry Sidgwick, from Trinity College Library Add. MS c. 94/132 and 133.

Herstmonceux - JCH has long been meaning to thank WW for his metaphysical essay. However he wanted to first look at John S. Mill's book [A System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation, 1843]: 'I have never yet found time to read his Logic, and do not understand how any man in these days, with a philosophical head, & a knowledge of what has been done, can maintain the objective origin of all knowledge. At all events I rejoice to find you as zealous and rigorous in maintaining the contrary truth. Metaphysics, like etymology, come to me now almost like visions of past worlds: but they are very pleasant visions; and I wish I could indulge more in the contemplation of them. Objective and subjective seem to me now fairly establisht, or rather reestablisht, in our language. For they once were a part of its philosophical vocabulary. Baxter [Andrew Baxter] frequently uses objective, & I think subjective also, in a sense nearly approaching to the Kantian, though not always with precision: and Norris of Bemerton [John Norris], into whom I was looking the other day, has a chapter in the 2d Volume of his Ideal World [Essay towards the Theory of an Ideal and Intelligible World, part 1, 1701, and part 2, 1704], "of formal & objective thought, with some reflexions on the Scholastic use of that distinction". At present I frequently meet with the words in Reviews & Magazines, & hardly know how the language can go on without them'. JCH thinks there is some truth in WW's notion of unsporadic hexameters.

Writes to tell Sidgwick that, on referring to the London Review, he finds that he had misinformed him about the authorship of the article on Tennyson, and states that it is by J.S. Mill. Mentions that he misses some criticisms 'which existed in the article [John] Sterling did write.' Suggests that this article may be found in Blackwood [it is in fact in the Quarterly Review of September 1842]. States that it is not in the 'Edinbro' [Edinburgh Review], 'but in the LXXXVIIth vol of the blue and yellow [ie the E. R.] there is a very good article by Spedding [on] the two vols. which appeared 1842.' Claims that he should recognise Sterling's 'fine Roman hand' if he saw it, but has no collection of Blackwoods of this kind. Reports that he 'ran down [Saint] Simeon Stylites with his usual vehemence, and rather scoffed at the Ode to Memory, comparing it, unfairly, and of course unfavorably, with Wordsworth's Platonic Ode'.

Refers to a conversation they had some years previously [see 95/157] in relation to a review by John Sterling of Tennyson, which he had believed was to be found in the London Review, but on looking there, found that the article on Tennyson had been written by Mill. He did not find Sterling's article until the previous day, in Hare's collection of Sterling's pamphlets and other papers, where he had looked for and found his article on Carlyle. Reports that it purports to be taken from 'the Quarterly [Review] (of all organs of opinion) of 1842'. Remarks that the paper on Carlyle strikes him as poor, and that on Tennyson as 'Philistinish'. Comments that Starling 'had but a limited appreciation of poetry, and did not clearly know good from bad.' Congratulates Sidgwick 'on having passed through a 3rd edition.'

Writes on philosophy in Cambridge. States that the correspondence of Hare and Whewell gives him the impression 'that there was very little mental philosophy read at Cambridge in their younger days'. Whewell's lectures were very well attended in the early years after he was appointed professor, but the numbers attending declined after he began to develop his new system. Refers to the paper set on philosophy for the Trinity Fellowships, and to Trinity lecturers Thompson and Cope. Refers to his own undergraduate days from 1844 to 1848, and mentions the works on philosophy which were influential at that time: an article of ancient philosophy by [Maurice], and Lewes' Biographical History of Philosophy. Believes that Lewes led him and many of his contemporaries to read J.S. Mill.

States that in St. John's College in his time 'a meagre abridgement of Locke used to be read in the first year, which 'finally disappeared under Roby's zealous efforts to reform [the students].' In relation to mental philosophy in those days, remarks that there 'must have been persons who were fond of [it]', and reports that he say a copy of the French translation of some of Sir W. Hamilton's essays in the private room of the mathematical tutor Mr Hopkins. Relates that Herschel's [Preliminary Discourse on [the Study of] Natural Philosophy 'was a book much read at Cambridge'. Mentions the absence of any account of the Greek Philosophy in Thirlwall's History [of Greece], and the political activity in England consequent on the Reform Bill and its results, as possible causes of the lack of interest in [mental philosophy].

Refers to a perceived 'taste for philosophy' arising in the previous thirty years at Cambridge, and cites theological influences as the possible cause, e.g., Butler's Analogy [of Religion], the sermons of Harvey Goodwin, and Dr Mill's contact with Hare and his Christian Advocate publications. Relates having, with others, admired the Sermons of Archer Butler, and having encouraged Macmillan to buy Butler's manuscripts, and publish the Lectures on Ancient Philosophy. Thinks that they appeared in 1856. Refers to Sir W. Hamilton, who 'became first known to most Cambridge men for his attacks on mathematics and on the Universities', and to W. Walton 'of Trinity Hall formerly of Trin. Coll.'. Adds that in 1834 'Sterling and J.C. Hare and others wanted to found a prize for Essays on the Philosophy of Christianity in honour of Coleridge', but the H[eads] would not allow it. Announces that he shall publish two letters from Whewell to Hare on the subject.

Reports that their 'long-talked of Trip' has been cancelled. Explains that William was exhausted by his examination work at Oxford and was not fit for it. Reports that he came to Wellington College for a week, and left, intending to go to London, and then to join Arthur. It was agreed that she should join them in Wales with Lucy Brown, but states that neither of them have written. She goes home the following day. States that Mr Barford thought that William was suffering from 'a congested state of the Brain from over work', and advised that he rest. Hopes that William will see Dr [George?] Burrows in London. Claims that she has been very busy at Wellington College.

Thanks Henry for the French book he sent. Reports that Minnie and the baby are doing very well. Reports that the children would very much like to see Henry, as he will hear from Edward. Refers to 'the Elections', and states that she is glad that Trevelyan and J.S. Mill have been successful. Asks Henry if he can get him any autograph 'of great (not noble merely) men'. Claims that she has not heard of any of the books Henry mentions, [see 99/47] as they, at Wellington College, do not subscribe to any library now.

Hopes that they shall see Henry 'just when the school reopens', but suggests that he might be in Yorkshire at that time, and that, if so, he should come to them 'in the new house about the end of September'. Tells him to write to her Yorkshire friends when he is ready to go to them, and undertakes to prepare them for seeing him. Refers to the death of [Benson] Sidgwick's six-month old son [William] at Worthing the previous week, and to the imminent marriage of Annie Brown to 'a Mr Penny of Exeter'.

RJ's lectures are yet to be worked into a book. He is thinking of re-writing the first five lectures into a popular manner: 'I like them well enough but the lads complain that they are very hard reading and perhaps I can make them a better platform to support the whole superstructure'. RJ would rather visit WW when he is alone since his spirits are too uncertain for the society of semi-strangers. After learning that John S. Mill called RJ a blood hound, Joshua Watson once said to RJ 'if you are obliged to throw a stone at a dog it is a pleasure to hear him howl. I am half tempted to treat him to another howl or two before I finish with him'.

Thanks WW for his work on Induction and the second Memoir: 'The former brought back to my mind several passages by which I had been much perplexed and dissatisfied in the midst of the pleasure and admiration with which I had gone through Mill's [John S. Mill] book some three years ago ['A System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation', 1843, second edition (1846)]. It is not for me to pronounce between two such thinkers, at least until I have seen a rejoinder to the reply: but I certainly have a very strong impression that your main position cannot be shaken'. As to WW's'Additional Note to the two Memoirs' CT thinks it certainly puts Hegel's place in the history of German philosophy: 'The master thought of his philosophy is Schelling, all that is his own is the rashness and violence with which he has carried it out into detail, by a perpetual perversion of facts and juggle of words'. CT finds it 'an inestimable blessing to live in an an intellectual atmosphere in which such monstrosities either could never come to light or most instantly die, even though it may not be quite so genial as that in which they flourish'.

Herstmonceux, Hailsham - JCH's comments concerning WW's adverse temperament were not unfounded [see JCH to WW, 28 March 1843] - 'they came to me so repeatedly, and from so many quarters, and some of them certainly not unfriendly ones, that I thought I cd hardly fulfil the duties of friendship without saying something to you about them'. As regards WW's claim concerning the possibility of changes to the University system: 'I shd be disposed to assail it. My own experience has shewn me what an extraordinary practical influence such a man as Bishop Otter can exercise over his whole diocese, in great measure by the sweetness of his manner...In Taylor's statesman, he speaks of the power Wilberforce acquired by having 'the cream of human kindness'. And thus everyday we see instances of the fulfilment of the saying that 'the meek shall inherit the earth'. JCH is glad and thankful that WW has begun to attempt to remove one of the two evils JCH spoke about [the influence of private tutors, see JCH to WW, 29 March 1843]: 'My own experience here again, in my warfare against pews and black monsters, has taught me that, except when a nation is set in motion by the blast of some mighty principle, the contest against every kind and degree of selfishness is carried on under great disadvantages, and must be carried on long and patiently and perseveringly, if it is to succeed'. Which side does Connop Thirlwall take concerning the Welsh sees?: 'Perhaps he may be very anxious for the new see of Manchester...One should be loth to alter the sacred number, if it were only to add one; but as I should rather wish to add forty-eight, and think that such an addition would be the best temporal means of energising the whole body of our ministry, I cannot let the charm of a number hinder such an object'. What does WW think of John S. Mill's Logic [A System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation, 2nd edn. 1843]: 'As yet I have only cut it open, and seen that he is perpetually breaking a lance with you'.

Passing Piero Sraffa's thanks on to Keynes for his letter of 20th August; however, the censors have confiscated the enclosed catalogue and substituted a slip, 'prints can only be sent to Prisoners of War and Internees by Publishers'; Piero thinks the Mill M.S. must be very interesting.

Refers to some enclosed questions [see below], some of which he believes were discussed by Bagehot, and some are 'one or two points [which] he does not allude to.' Suggests that if she does not feel inclined to make any remarks on 'Bagehot', the most stimulating thing she can do is to read Mill's Representative Government with 'Bagehot' in her head, and notice the difference between their views, 'and try to adopt a judicial frame of mind between them.' Also suggest that she read the Times, the Saturday Review, etc., 'to notice where any of the questions [which] Bagehot discusses is brought up, and try and catch the reviewers point of view and estimate the value of his arguments.' Declares that the advantage of politics or jurisprudence as a study 'is that there are so many cases continually turning up in every day talk and contemporary journalism for applying any principles that one may have taken in...'

Reports that he has been spending many pleasant days in London and in Dorsetshire since the Monday of two weeks previously; says he so many friends in London that its attraction is growing on him. Reports that he has been exploring Clifton, referring to Combe Valley and Leigh woods, and to a poem which mentions the latter [by William Leigh Bowles?]. Informs her that his friend Roden Noel has just brought out a second volume of poems, [Beatrice and other poems] which he judges to be very good. Expresses his regret at hearing her account of their aunt Henrietta, who, he believes, 'ought to be violently incited to cultivate her Art.' Sends his love to Edward.

On a separate sheet: list of five questions on a political theme, with references to the English constitution, the House of Lords, the House of Commons, the functions of a constitutional monarchy, and the [probable] effect of Republicanism in Spain, Italy and France.

On headed notepaper for the Harrow Philathletic Club, with 'The Grove' added in Robert Trevelyan's hand:- Is 'quite well', as is Georgie, who 'seems to be doing well with Hallam, and has got through all his cons[?]'. Robert is 'getting on all right' with his work, and is studying with Moss again. Read in Chapel yesterday, and 'did not mind it so much as usual, or make so many mistakes'.

They [the Liberal Party] 'seem to be doing badly in the elections', though they are not all over. Asks if there is 'any truth in the report that there will be a general election next holidays'. Hopes Charlie is well, and 'has been successful in his criticisms of the budget'.

His difficulties with the [school news-] 'paper are over', and he has persuaded 'the party that was anxious to go on that it is absolutely impossible to go on unless a work of genious [sic] appears', which, he 'conceive[s] to be impossible'. Therefore, she need not fear it taking up 'so much' of Robert's time. Asks if there is a copy of Mill's [Considerations] on Representative Government at home; he is studying it with Bowen, and would like a copy with 'fairly big print'. If not, he can 'easily order one'. Georgie 'likes his history very much'.

Trinity Lodge - WW would like to know what RJ has to say about John Mill's book ['A System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation', 1843]: 'he appears to me to write like a man whose knowledge is new (indeed he confesses that he had much of it from Herschel [John Herschel, 'A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy', 1830] and me ['The History of the Inductive Sciences, from the Earliest to the Present Time', 3 vols., 1837]) - and not very well appreciated'. He relies far too much on the new work of Liebig [Justus von Liebig] and Herschel's version of Wells's book on Dew: 'Tell Herschel he has something to answer for in persuading people that they could so completely understand the process of discovery from a single example'. With regard to 'the part of Mill's book of which you speak I agree with you that the logic is fairly logical; - also, that it is already dull. The Whateleian logicians are to me far more offensive than the Aristotelians'. Mill's conceit is offensive and he is 'quite subjugated by one whom I think a very bad philosopher, Comte [Auguste Comte], of whom he constantly talks with a veneration which I could easily show you is a most gross idolatry. I had written an article for my philosophy about Comte, but suppressed it wishing to avoid unnecessary controversy' ['The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded upon their History', 2 vols., 1840].

Discusses Henry Sidgwick's work The Development of European Polity, the proofs of which he has just finished reading; finds it more complete than he had though possible. There are many points in it that he would have liked to have discussed with Henry; for example, that he attaches far less weight to 'Seeley's speculations about the Government of England during the XVIIIth century' than Henry appears to do. Refers to Henry's thoughts about Switzerland; is certain that had he lived to complete the book he would have dealt with the issue of how 'in the Swiss cantons there never arose a tyrant....'

Now, since the substance of the book cannot be changed, he has little or nothing, as a critic, to say about it; says, however, how deeply the book impressed him with its value, and praises it as a work of historical speculation. It has been of real help to him in his attempt 'to trace the connection between Law and Opinion during the XIXth century'; gives further details, with reference to collectivism, individualism, socialism, Benthamism, despotism, the relations between Church and State, the development of constitutionalism in England and the emergence of the modern state, as well as the 'Factory Acts', the 'Tory Philanthropists', [J.S.] Mill, and [F.D.] Maurice. Is certain that there are many other people to whom the book will be helpful 'by the direction it gives to their thought and by the mode of thinking, which it encourages.'

Remarks on how sad it must be for Nora to have before her the constant feeling of how much more Henry could have done had he lived longer, but hopes that she can understand what a pleasure and comfort it is to his friends to have the book 'as such an exquisite memorial of him.' Is sending back the proofs separately. Will visit his cousin [Caroline Stephen] at 'The Porch' on Saturday 29 November, and is to spend Sunday there; asks Nora if she will be in Cambridge, as it would be a great pleasure for him if she could see him. Referring back to The Development of European Polity, remarks that he noticed that 'every now and then there were passages where the expression "on the one hand" and "on the other hand" seemed to [him] to have got a little confused', and suggests that 'two pieces from different lectures might have been joined together'. Regrets to say that his wife, who is at Tunbridge Wells, is not very well. Asks for Miss Fawcett's address in South Africa, as he wishes to send her a copy of the sixth edition of his book The Law of the Constitution, which is just coming out.

Declares that he has been very successful in life since [their] 'brief and transitory yet happy...interview terminated at the Royal Academy', despite his pecuniary losses; thinks 'a large family on £300 a year' is the only thing which could make him 'properly thrifty'.

Is anxious to hear what she thinks of Elaine and [another painting at the Summer Exhibition?] Says that their mother had hinted that she was too much overcome with the heat to enjoy anything, and he hopes that Minnie and Miss Hadley 'strongly impressed on her the advantages that would arise from [Turkish Baths].' Claims that he found the Academy 'once almost as good as a T.B....' Refers to his mother's possible move to Cambridge, which he claims he urged on her as strongly as he felt he ought, but reports that she thinks that he is as yet not settled enough. Wishes that he had 'a kindred spirit still left at Cambridge', since all his friends are now 'wasting their sweetness as schoolmasters' and he visits them 'with a strange mixture of envy and regret for their sakes'; but claims that he is very happy there with his books. Reports that he read Macaulay and Mill alternately, and also reads geography. Announces that he is going to study geology during the summer. Asks her to send him the papers that J. Conington sent him if Arthur has left them at Wellington College. Wishes also toknow all her plans, and sends greetings to Edward.

Trinity Lodge - RJ will of course soon look at Mill's book on Political Economy: 'It is full of interesting discussions of all the great social and economical questions of the day, and there are arguments and views extremely well put throughout. Nor have I found anything which I quarrel with...except the injustice towards you of which I think he is guilty'. WW thinks Mill has down-played RJ's work and failed to recognise that the peculiar and distinctive character of RJ's book ['An Essay on the Distribution of Wealth and on the Sources of Taxation', 1831]: 'I do not see how Mill can be either ignorant of the novelty or the value of your classification of cultivation for he makes it the basis of his own speculations', although he 'spoils the classification' by lumping together Cottiers and Ryots. Mill 'must have known that the idea of making such a classification, and, what is a great deal more, the making it the basis of principles which regulate the distribution of wealth and the progress of society, is entirely yours'. WW thinks Mill has RJ in mind 'where he holds that the international produce of land marginally decreases with the expansion of agriculture'. WW wants to know how we can say 'that the produce of land increases universally in a diminishing ratio, when we have to allow that there is a principle which we call the progress of civilisation'.

Germany - WW and Cordelia Whewell have 10,000 pounds of their marriage trust money payable on August 16 from the Lancaster and [Preston?] Railway. The company want to know if they would reinvest for another three or five years at four percent. What does RJ think? WW has heard nothing more from the Cambridge University Commission: 'I should suppose we may meet it in such a way as to incur no needless danger; but I confess I have a strong persuasion that Lord John [John Russell] will not be satisfied till his move has ended in something being done as to the distribution of funds, and I do not see how anything of that kind can be done without a more perilous infraction of our corporate rights'. WW forgets whether he directed to RJ a copy of his paper in the Cambridge Philosophical Transactions on certain algebraical ways to treat political economy ['Mathematical Exposition of Some Doctrines of Political Economy: Third Memoir', Camb. Phil. Trans., 1850]: 'the paper really does contain a refutation of certain vaunted theorems of John S. Mill on international trade; shown them to be true, even on their mathematical assumptions, within very narrow limits'. WW gives his solution to the cause and measure of the different value of money in different countries: 'The main point of my solution comes to this, that the value of money is high in a country which has the (money) balance of trade shading in its favour, and of course, low where the balance is against the country'.

Trinity Lodge - WW has read RJ's lectures and is ready to discuss them with him: 'They appear to me to be full of the most valuable matters, delivered in most places with great force. But I think they may and ought to be made a little more symmetrical and methodical'. RJ should draw up an analytical table like the one WW suggested for the first five lectures [see WW to RJ, 28 March 1852]. There is a review of WW's lectures on morality in the Westminster Review ['Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy in England', 1852, and 'Elements of Morality, including Polity', 1845, Westminster Review, October 1852]: 'It is plainly John Mill and I am rather amused to hear what is the amount of what can now be said of the best of Bentham's [Jeremy Bentham] school in favour of their master'. Mill wants to put the result of their controversy on the following issue: 'Whether the pleasures of animals - pigs, geese, lions for instance - are of the same moral value as those of man. He says yes, I say no. As to other matters he accuses me, as I accuse Bentham of reasoning in a circle'.

Refers to 'the accompanying papers' [not included]. Claims that he has 'forgotten all about the Persian wars', but that the enclosed questions occur to him as natural. Refers to the 'Ladies' Lectures', which are doing well so far. Predicts that there is sure to be a reaction, and wonders how they shall deal with it. Hears that a similar movement at Edinburgh is also doing well, and remarks 'Mill has come forward like a Woman!' Reports that he has not written anything more in the Pall Mall Gazette [having had a long letter on 'Clerical Engagements' published on 6 Jan 1869], and that he has written a pamphlet on the text 'Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind', in which he discusses the duties of preachers of religion [Ethics of Conformity and Subscription, written for the Free Christian Union]. Is ashamed not having written to thank Edward for his sermon 'in the Bk. of M.', which he thought 'very striking and pathetic.'